Search Results for: \\\"reform treaty\\\"

When Vladimir Putin decided to invade Ukraine in February, the international community responded with “unprecedented” and “severe” sanctions against Russia. Their expansive scale essentially leads to Russia’s economic and even political isolation. The purpose of the sanctions is clear: to punish Putin’s regime for the violation of international law and stop its military aggression against [...]

The international community and the United States spent billions of dollars on rebuilding the Afghan legal and judicial system and improving the rule of law and governance over the past two decades. However, after the Taliban takeover, any such progress and achievements quickly disappeared and the foundations for the Afghan legal system that had been [...]

The basic international law One of the most fundamental rules of international law is that States are prohibited from using force to resolve their international disputes. Any State that uses force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another State violates this solemn rule of international law. Applying this rule, the use of force [...]

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) rejected Poland and Hungary’s challenge Wednesday of the EU budget’s conditionality mechanism for disbursement of funding to the EU Member States, clearing the way for the European Commission (EC) to withhold payments to the two nations. The EU budget’s conditionality mechanism regulation permits the European Council to suspend payments from [...]

Introduction “National Security lies not in protecting our borders but in reversing the substantial erosion of civil liberties.” – Theresa May The Indian Government, to deal with the 1958 Naga insurgency, enacted the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act of 1958. AFSPA aims to protect armed forces and carry out operations in conflict prone areas. The [...]

In the aftermath of mass protests that swept major cities across Kazakhstan last month, resulting in hundreds of casualties and ultimately the deployment of Russian and allied troops to restore order, a law professor from Nazarbayev University explains what happened, and what we can expect for the Central Asian nation going forward. How did the [...]

The European Commission (“the Commission”) began infringement procedures against Poland Wednesday in light of recent judgments from the country’s Constitutional Tribunal undermining EU law. The Commission considers these judgments to be in “breach of the general principles of autonomy, primacy, effectiveness and uniform application of Union law and the binding effect of rulings of the [...]

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on many aspects of our modern lives. Mandatory face masks, local and national lockdowns, and compulsory social distancing in public places have become a part of everyday routines all around the world. The pandemic has also tested the regulatory and administrative capacity of both states and international organizations to [...]

G20 have agreed to endorse a 15% global minimum corporate tax during the summit in Rome. The tax framework was proposed by the OECD in July 2021 as a method to challenge new tax issues that have been created by an increasingly digital economy. The landmark agreement involving 136 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 90% of global GDP, [...]

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has found that Poland’s Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court acted undemocratically by appointing judges who are not sufficiently neutral, invalidating a Polish court decision. Judge Waldemar Zurek had been transferred from the second-instance division to the first-instance division after he publicly criticized the government’s judicial reforms—an ostensible demotion. [...]